槽型鞘脑穿刺针的设计及动物实验初步结果

目的测试槽型鞘脑穿刺针用于实验动物脑组织穿刺的可操作性和安全性。 方法新西兰兔6只，麻醉后骨窗开颅显露双侧大脑半球，左侧大脑半球以传统脑穿刺针进行穿刺，右侧以槽型鞘脑穿刺针穿刺，完成穿刺、拔出穿刺针留置槽形鞘、置管后拔出槽形鞘等步骤。拔出穿刺针后穿刺道以苏木素染色，观察30 min后处死实验动物，提取脑组织，沿脑组织穿刺道制3 μm厚切片，常规HE染色，显微镜下观察脑组织穿刺道病理解剖学变化（脑组织破损及出血情况），评估损伤程度。 结果2种穿刺针穿刺操作后均会造成穿刺道局灶性脑挫裂伤，表现为穿刺道组织缺损、脑组织淤血、水肿。光镜下可见穿刺道脑组织破碎、细胞排列不规则、水肿的细胞体增大和细胞核固缩，穿刺道外围细胞结构正常。2种穿刺针针道脑组织病理特征差别不明显。 结论槽型鞘脑穿刺针穿刺操作简便，通过槽型鞘置入引流管方便，脑组织损伤程度与传统脑穿刺针无明显差别。     

Highlights of the 15th annual scientific meeting of the Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography

The 15th Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography (SCCT) annual scientific meeting (ASM) welcomed 770 digital attendees from 44 countries, over 2 days, with a program that included 30 sessions across three simultaneously streaming channels, 10 exhibitors and a diverse range of scientific abstracts. In addition, #SCCT2020 generated >5900 tweets from nearly 700 engaged social media participants resulting in an estimated 38 million digital impressions and becoming #1 trending medical meeting in social media in the world during the meeting time period. This article summarizes the many themes and topics of presentation and discussion in this meeting, and the many technical advances that are likely to impact future clinical practice in cardiovascular computed tomography.     

老年难治性胃食管反流病患者食管动力学特征和反流特点分析

目的 分析老年难治性胃食管反流病（rGERD）患者食管动力学特征和反流特点。方法 以我院2017 年2 月～2019 年12 月收治的100 例rGERD 患者为观察对象。按照年龄分为老年组（年龄≥60 岁）42 例和非老年组（年龄＜60 岁）58 例。比较两组基线资料、临床表现特征、食管动力学特征、反流特点。结果 老年组与非老年组在性别、BMI 指数、吸烟及饮酒方面比较，差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。老年组胸痛、上腹部不适及慢性咳嗽发生率均高于非老年组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。老年组LESP 及LEPP 水平均低于非老年组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。老年组酸反流、弱酸反流、非酸反流、气体反流、气液混合反流次数均高于非老年组，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 老年rGERD 患者存在明显的食管动力学异常，且该类患者的反流主要是弱酸反流、非酸反流、气体反流、气液混合反流。     

基于肝与雌激素相互关系探讨膀胱过度活动症

膀胱过度活动症是泌尿系的常见疾病,目前尚无理想的治疗方案。本文基于肝与雌激素相互关系论治膀胱过度活动症,从中医基础理论、膀胱过度活动症的病因病机、膀胱过度活动症与雌激素的关系、肝郁与雌激素的联系等方面进行阐述,为从肝郁-雌激素角度论治膀胱过度活动症提供依据。     

通窍活血汤含药脑脊液对OGD/R损伤大鼠BMECs的保护作用

目的:探讨通窍活血汤含药脑脊液对氧糖剥夺/复糖复氧(OGD/R)损伤大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞(BMECs)的保护作用及潜在机制。方法:通过酶消化法提取原代BMECs,并将细胞随机分为6组,分别为正常组,OGD/R组,通窍活血汤(TQHXT)组(20%),尼莫地平(NMDP)组(10μmol·L~(-1)),卡博替尼(BMS)组(1μmol·L~(-1))和合用药组。除正常组外,其余各组细胞在氧糖剥夺2 h后迅速复糖复氧24 h进行OGD/R造模并分组给药。采用细胞免疫荧光染色法鉴定BMECs,观察OGD/R损伤大鼠BMECs的形态学和超微结构改变并检测细胞跨膜电阻(TEER)值变化。用试剂盒检测细胞内一氧化氮(NO)水平、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性、活性氧(ROS)荧光强度和组织型纤溶酶原激活因子(tPA)含量。采用流式细胞术检测细胞内钙离子浓度及细胞凋亡,观察血管新生标记因子CD34的表达,用蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测细胞中紧密连接蛋白(ZO-1),血管内皮生长因子(VEGF),黏着斑激酶(FAK)和桩蛋白(Paxillin)蛋白的表达情况。结果:与正常组比较,OGD/R组细胞皱缩、变圆,细胞TEER值和细胞中ZO-1蛋白表达显著降低,细胞中NO,LDH及ROS水平显著升高,tPA含量显著降低,细胞中钙离子浓度和细胞凋亡显著增加,细胞中CD34有所表达,VEGF,FAK和Paxillin蛋白表达显著升高(P0. 01);与OGD/R组比较,TQHXT组细胞损伤明显改善,细胞TEER值和细胞中ZO-1蛋白表达显著升高,细胞中NO,LDH及ROS含量显著降低,tPA含量显著升高,细胞中钙离子浓度和细胞凋亡显著减少,细胞中CD34表达增加,VEGF,FAK和Paxillin蛋白表达显著升高(P0. 05,P0. 01)。结论:通窍活血汤含药脑脊液对OGD/R损伤大鼠BMECs具有保护作用,该保护作用可能是通过VEGF/VEGF受体2(R2)/FAK/Paxillin信号通路促进血管生成来发挥作用。     

补肾凉血安胎法治疗肾虚血热型先兆流产合并官腔积液临床研究

目的:研究补肾凉血安胎法治疗肾虚血热型先兆流产合并宫腔积液的效果。方法:选择肾虚血热型先兆流产合并宫腔积液患者160例,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各80例。对照组给予黄体酮联合酚磺乙胺治疗,观察组采用补肾凉血安胎法治疗,连续治疗2周。观察2组临床疗效,比较2组孕酮(P)、雌二醇(E2)、人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG),以及中医症候评分。结果:观察组总有效率为85.00%,高于对照组70.00%(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组P、HCG、E2水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组P、HCG、E2水平较治疗前升高(P<0.05),且观察组P、HCG、E2水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,2组各项中医症状评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组各项中医症状评分较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且观察组各项中医症状评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:采用补肾凉血安胎汤治疗肾虚血热型先兆流产合并宫腔积液患者,不仅能改善患者血液指标,有利于保胎,还能促进宫腔积液的吸收,效果显著,值得临床应用。     

A Bipolar-Bisection Piecewise Encoding Scheme for Multi-Source Reverse Time Migration

Conventional shot-record reverse time migration (RTM) suffers from a high computational burden when dealing with massive data. The computational cost of RTM can be reduced by shot-encoding techniques, and plane-wave encoding is a commonly used and effective shot-encoding scheme. However, plane-wave encoding requires long time padding to avoid information loss, which decreases the efficiency of the time-domain wavefield extrapolator, and the time padding becomes longer with the increasing distance between multiple sources. The piecewise plane-wave encoding scheme cuts multiple sources into several segments prior to implementing plane-wave encoding, hence reduces the time padding, but brings new crosstalk due to the mutual interference between shots in different source segments. We suppress the crosstalk artifacts by a new bipolar-bisection amplitude encoding method, in which half of the encoding array of each migration is different from that of any other migrations to reduce the number of crosstalk terms with as few migrations as possible. We embed the bipolar-bisection method into piecewise plane-wave encoding. Compared with plane-wave encoding, the proposed scheme requires considerably shorter time padding and thus works more efficiently and can generate a qualified imaging result. The feasibility of the proposed method is tested on the 2D SEG/EAGE salt model and the Marmousi model.